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Protect Family Farms

 

Say No to Animal Factories in Oswego County

I join with Citizens for Family Farms in calling for the Town of Schroeppel to rescind the December 2009 resolution and reject the Bion Environmental Technologies, Inc. animal factory proposed for Oswego County. Bion’s 72,000 beef factory would slaughter 600 cattle every day. 

This factory will negatively impact local property values and pollute our air, land, and water. 

It is not a suitable project for CNY.

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                                                               Mission Statement

On December 10, the Town Board of Schroeppel voted to approve a resolution that supports a 72,000 head integrated and closed-loop beef cattle project that will be the largest individual cattle livestock facility east of the Mississippi River.  The company, Bion, claims they decided to locate the project in Oswego County partly based on strong support of the Schroeppel community.  We, as Concerned Citizens of Schroeppel, feel that there are very serious issues that need to be addressed in regard to this project and want to make sure solid evidence is put forth so a proper, educated decision can be made for the Town of Schroeppel and surrounding areas.  This website was created to allow everyone access to information necessary to make the best decision for all involved and to allow our voices to be heard.

 



     Coming Soon How does Your Elective Officials Vote on Bion project 
 

 

OSWEGO COUNTY LEGISLATORS --  Oswego County Town Officials

 

 

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Bion to build dairy complexes

10-Jul-2002

Related topics: Markets

Dairy Park, LLC - a subsidiary of Bion Environmental Technologies - has entered into an agreement with investors Dr. Michael McCloskey and Timothy den Dulk to develop, own and operate a number of large dairy facilities in the US.

Bion anticipates that two to four complexes, ranging in size from 10,000 to 50,000 animals, will be developed by the joint venture over the next three years. The complexes will be turnkey, state-of-the-art facilities and will be made available to dairy producers under terms of a 10-year, triple-net lease.

Bion will provide its technology for waste management, secure financing for the facilities, develop the financial lease terms and provide independent management. The primary responsibilities of the McCloskey/den Dulk partnership will be site selection and development, lease terms and recruitment of tenants, and management of the facilities.

David Mitchell, chairman and CEO of Bion, said: "The complexes envisioned by Bion and the McCloskey/den Dulk partnership represent a significant shift in the economics of dairy farming and milk production. The availability of a turnkey facility will enable dairy farmers to concentrate their capital resources on herd development instead of land and equipment, marketing and waste management expenses.

Additionally, because the environmental issues normally associated with large dairies are solved by the Bion Nutrient Management System, the complexes can be located to maximize profitability and distance to market."

Dr. McCloskey obtained a Doctorate of Veterinary Medicine in 1976 from the University of Mexico, Mexico City and completed a speciality in dairy production medicine at the University of California, Davis. Since that time he has served in leadership positions in every aspect of the dairy industry - from individual production to the development of dairy policy at the regional and national levels.

Regarding the concept of large dairy complexes, Dr. McCloskey said: "The Bion technology will allow us to position these facilities very competitively, from the standpoint of both marketing and feed."

Dr. McCloskey and den Dulk are co-owners of Quality Milk Sales, responsible for marketing the milk produced by dairy farmers members in Central and North America. As a group, these members produce in excess of 4 billion pounds of milk per year.

Founded in 1989, Bion provides waste management solutions to agriculture, focusing on livestock waste from confined animal feeding operations, such as large dairies

Letter From New State Resident Meredith Grosshandler, In Opposition to the Proposed CAFO

In Uncategorized on May 21, 2010 at 6:16 pm    ==== Meredith Grosshandler

I recently learned that a large-scale concentrated animal feeding operation (CAFO) may soon be built in central NY.  According to the company’s Dec. 14, 2009 press release, Bion Environmental Technologies, Inc., has received the support of the Oswego County town of Schroeppel, NY, to proceed with plans for a 72,000-cow, 6-barn, beef CAFO with associated ethanol production and beef processing plants.  In Bion’s own words, this operation will be the “largest individual cattle livestock facility east of the Mississippi River.”

After a fair amount of research into this planned “Project” (as Bion refers to it), I am writing you today to urge you to stand against it in any and every capacity possible.  I realize that you do not represent the district in which this CAFO is planned, but the effects of such an operation are wide-reaching, and have real potential to negatively impact every NY district, and far beyond.

Some of the more pressing concerns about this proposed CAFO are:

  • Bion is touting the project as “environmentally sustainable.”  This is misleading the public, however, because the operation will still require massive amounts of fossil fuels (for shipping, energy, etc.) and environmentally damaging land use (for corn crops, etc.), and the long-term detrimental effects of this sort of livestock operation on the environment are far worse than grazing/finishing cattle by rotation on grass pastures.  Just because something is less bad does not make it a good idea, especially when far better options do exist.
  • According to its press release, Bion plans to market its beef products as “local” within a 300-mile radius of the facility.  Aside from the glaring fact that describing a market circle encompassing more than 282,000 square miles as “local” is far beyond appropriate, this is problematic because it creates unfair competition for truly local independent farmers actually raising cattle in truly environmentally responsible ways.
  • Also, while Bion trumpets the company’s plan to market its product as “local” within their 300-mile radius in its press release, this presents a problematic contrast to the response Bion gave on a Citizens’ Q&A forum last year (when the same CAFO project was being considered for a St. Lawrence County location).  When a citizen inquired about the possibility of increased access to local beef, Bion responded that “[Bion] has not represented that its output will be sold within St. Lawrence County.”  It seems that Bion tells people what it thinks will benefit the company the most at the time.
  • As mentioned above, Bion had been courting St. Lawrence County for essentially the same CAFO “Project” last year, but abruptly backed out due to concerns over whether they would be able to properly finance the situation amid the economic crisis.  This, in and of itself, raises questions about Bion’s ability to fund a project of this magnitude.  Additionally, Bion originally stated that it would return to the project in St. Lawrence County when the credit markets loosened up, but in actuality Bion abandoned SLC and moved on Oswego County with no explanation.  This only raises more questions about the company’s ways of doing business.
  • Bion advertises that they expect the creation of between 300 and 600 jobs from its proposed Oswego County CAFO project.  This may sound very enticing, but we must think beyond the short-term and consider how many small, independent cattle farms will be negatively impacted in the long-term in that huge 300-mile radius due to the unfair competition from a corporate giant deceptively representing itself as local and sustainable.
  • Bion has indicated that it will attempt to obtain any local, state, or federal assistance available to the company on the basis of its self-professed environmental sustainability.   However, again, this will only reduce the amount of funding available to those independent farmers who are truly trying to raise cattle in a healthful and environmentally responsibly manner.
  • Bion has never implemented its proposed technology on a scale even close to the proposed project’s size.  In fact, the operation on which Bion is modeling its 72,000 head CAFO proposal is a 1200-cow dairy operation in Texas.  That means that their proposed CAFO operation in Schroeppel is sixty times larger than the model, involves a different product (beef instead of dairy), and is to be implemented in a radically different climate.
  • Bion’s plan hinges on what it refers to as its “closed-loop integrated technology platform,” in which corn byproducts (called WDGS) from the ethanol production process would be a large part of the cows’ finishing diet.  Yet recent independent studies (including studies conducted by the USDA) have indicated that cattle fed WDGS harbor higher concentrations of harmful e. coli bacteria, which translates to increased risk of contamination and human sickness or death.
  • Current research has also shown that meat from cows fed WDGS has a higher fat content (including trans fats) and less visual appeal on the retail market.  Additionally, diets high in WDGS have been shown to cause polioencephalomalacia in cattle, an acutely fatal condition often seen in “downer cows” that causes the cow to become disoriented, go blind, stare skyward, and repeatedly ram its head against walls or other hard objects.
  • It is worth noting that the research mentioned above all compares meat from cows fed WDGS to that from cattle fed just corn, but remember that it is now widely known that even meat from cattle finished on corn alone is significantly less healthful than meat from cattle finished on natural grasses.  Feedlot/corn finishing is also known to be much worse for the cows’ health, as well as for the environment, when compared to cattle grazed on rotated natural grass pastures and finished on grass too.

The points listed above are just some of the many reasons why Bion’s “Project” is not a good idea for New York (or anywhere, for that matter).  What we need in this state is a network of independently operated, small-scale, reliable, USDA inspected slaughterhouses to accommodate the honest, local, responsible farmers of the state without unreasonably long wait times or preferential treatment for Big Ag corporate farms.  What New York State does NOT need is Bion’s CAFO.  Therefore I respectfully request that, should the opportunity present itself, you vote in the best interest of the good people of New York by voting AGAINST Bion’s CAFO project.

Meredith Grosshandler is a native of the Northeast.  She spent her adolescence playing in the mountains and farm meadows of southwestern Vermont and Washington County, New York.  Although she now lives in Albany, her childhood experiences continue to influence her daily life.  As a product of nature herself, she advocates respectful and responsible cohabitation with all of nature’s other creations.

Group forms to oppose Bion’s cattle project


Carol Thompson 07-28-2010

 

by Carol Thompson

Residents from around Central New York have gathered to form a group to oppose the proposed Bion Environmental Technologies cattle project.

One of the group’s goals is to track the company’s previous history in other areas and seek the answers that both lawmakers and residents claim are missing.

Bion is proposing a large-scale, integrated, closed-loop beef cattle/renewable energy project in Oswego County that was met with skepticism by some legislators, farmers and members of the general public when the idea was first introduced to the county legislature last year.

That skepticism has grown to include more community members, environmentalists and college professors.

Under a proposal presented by Bion, there would be more than 70,000 head of cattle housed somewhere in the county. There would be an estimated 600 jobs created and it would be a “closed-loop” operation, meaning the cattle’s manure would be used for ethanol, according to Bion officials.

The project may be located in the Town of Schroeppel and that town board has passed a resolution to support a preliminary look at the proposal.

Karen Hall, a member of the organization called Citizens for Family Farms, said the town board is willing to listen to anyone with information in regard to the company and will read any materials presented to them.

Among the materials is the book “Animal Factory” by David Kirby, which contains information in regard to Bion’s experience in Illinois. The company, according to the book, was sued by that state’s Attorney General in a matter pertaining to a sow farm known as Highlands.

The lawsuit alleged, based on 230 complaints lodged with the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, that offensive odors were coming from “animal confinement buildings and the waste treatment system, which does not perform in a manner consistent with the claims of Bion Technologies.”

The book author claims that Bion company officials eventually “turned” on the farmers who were involved with operating their system, paid a fine and withdrew from its contractual obligations with the Highlands.

The company’s history is a concern said Hall, who has been actively involved with the opposition group. She gave the Schroeppel Town Board an overview of the Illinois matter.

Schroeppel’s planning board chairman John Capenos said that the town board should not be taking the heat for the proposed project as it was the county legislators who sent the company to the town.

Few county legislators have expressed interest in the project, primarily due to the lack of information the company has provided.

An informational meeting held July 14 brought out many residents in opposition and, according to Legislature Chairman Barry Leemann, few answers to the many questions asked by the public.

“It was the same as usual,” he said noting that as with past meetings, questions were unanswered or answered with technical talk that a layman could not understand.

Almost 500 people to date have signed a petition in opposition of the project, with many signers from the village of Phoenix and Pennellville area.

The company recently revealed that it will develop the project and turn it over to someone else to operate. Leemann said he first learned of the most recent development at the July 14 meeting.

Volney ethanol plant celebrates reopening


Bion, Sunoco officials exploring possible partnership opportunities

By AARON CURTIS
acurtis@palltimes.com
Published:
Thursday, July 22, 2010 10:26 PM EDT
With the Volney-based ethanol plant once again up and running, the development of another project proposed for creation within Oswego County’s borders could lead to a notable business relationship for owners of the facility.

Officials from Sunoco Inc., owners of the ethanol facility, had a ribbon cutting ceremony for the plant Wednesday, announcing that after approximately $25 million of investment and months of work on the plant, the once beleaguered facility is back in business.

“We are pleased to join the Oswego County community, and look forward to playing a productive role in the region,” said Lynn Elsenhans, Sunoco chairwoman and CEO. “Operating this facility and sourcing as much corn as possible from local growers will contribute to the region’s economy and support the creation of ‘green’ jobs.”


After design flaws disrupted activities at the then Northeast Biofuels plant early last year, owners of the facility decided to sell the plant.

In a May 2009 auction for the plant, Sunoco finished with the top bid of $8.5 million, winning ownership of the facility.

After rehabilitation of the plant by the company, the ethanol plant shipped out its first order of the corn-based substance June 30, for use as a mixture with gasoline at Sunoco’s 4,700 gas stations nationwide.

“Since that time, we have been slowly ramping up productions,” said Thomas Golembeski, a spokesman for Sunoco. The Volney plant is expected to supply 20 percent of the company’s ethanol needs.

Through the production of ethanol, a byproduct is created that necessitates the company to find a buyer for the product.

“We make distiller grain as part of the ethanol-making process, and we are looking to sell that into the agricultural markets,” said Thomas Golembeski, a spokesperson for Sunoco.

With the potential development of the 72,000-head cattle finishing facility within Oswego County, Jeff Kappell, vice president for renewables and project development of Bion Environmental Technologies Inc., said a partnership makes a lot of sense.

“I think it is fair to say that there is a lot of interest on both sides,” Kappell said. “There are a number of ways that we could be beneficial to each other.”

The cattle finishing facility that has been proposed and has received mixed reviews from county officials, would focus on cattle slaughter for beef distribution in eastern sections of the U.S. and portions of southeastern Canada. The cattle could be placed in multiple locations to suit space specifications.

Kappell noted that the distiller grain created at Sunoco’s ethanol plant could be used as feed for Bion’s proposed cattle farms.

“Those distiller grains basically need to get dried and shipped long distance,” Kappell said. He added that most of the distiller grain ends up in Georgia in poultry and soy markets.

Kappell explained that the drying process involves the use of a significant amount of energy and the transportation of the product would also be costly.

“We would represent a long-term stable market for about an eighth of their distiller grains,” he said. “They would not have to dry it and they would not have to ship it. ... There is huge potential.”

Kappell also suggested that since the plant and the slaughter facility both utilize corn, they could leverage common sourcing for having corn shipped to both the proposed Bion facility and Sunoco plant.

The vice president added that a sit down has occurred with Bion representatives and officials of Sunoco, discussing the potential of a partnership if the beef finishing facility does move toward development in Oswego County.

“There are a lot of things on the table, lots of values and a lot of interest in looking at these things a little bit closer,” Kappell said.



--------------------------------------
Proposed dairy makes
Phoenix into a joke
To the Editor:
For about a hundred years, Phoenix had the distinction of producing toilet paper in the large mills along the Oswego River. At times people jokingly referred to Phoenix as “the toilet paper capital of the world.” The real joke (on Phoenix) could be that our area stands to become “the toilet capital of the Eastern United States,” so to speak, in the event that the town of Schroeppel becomes the venue for a concentrated cattle feeding/ethanol producing closed-loop operation processing 72,000 head of cattle per year.
To the Editor:For about a hundred years, Phoenix had the distinction of producing toilet paper in the large mills along the Oswego River. At times people jokingly referred to Phoenix as “the toilet paper capital of the world.” The real joke (on Phoenix) could be that our area stands to become “the toilet capital of the Eastern United States,” so to speak, in the event that the town of Schroeppel becomes the venue for a concentrated cattle feeding/ethanol producing closed-loop operation processing 72,000 head of cattle per year.

There are, to be sure, agricultural technologies that have been developed; but none are guaranteed failure proof. The magnitude of this proposed project adds dimensionally to the impact of any problems. Questions about workplace safety, real estate values, antibiotic resistance, air pollution and the integrity of our river and aquifers remain unanswered.

Links to discussions and documents can be found at www.PhoenixTalks.com. Your input is welcome.

Susan Lynch
Phoenix

Schroeppel must protect family farms with action

To the Editor:

Attending the SUNY Oswego Bion Forum was a very enlightening experience. Upon hearing about it, I immediately wondered why reservations were needed and why those with opposing views were not on the panel of a “public forum.” The answer to my questions unfolded right before our eyes Wednesday night.

Bion is unable to adequately defend its “cutting edge technology” when asked pointed questions about it. It was brought to light that Bion has absolutely no interest in protecting our communities. Dominic Bassani, vice president of strategic planning, informed the audience that Bion is a development company.

It was clearly evident that Bion would assume no responsibility if anything goes wrong with its “state of the art” processing facility and animal factories, even though it has never tested its technology on a project of this size.

Bion has no plans to bond the project, so farmers and citizens would be left holding the bag for any inevitable disaster; which is what happened in Meade, Neb. Let’s learn from their tragic lesson and make sure that is not what happens here.

Oswego County has no Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations for a very good reason. Small farms thrive in Oswego County, not massive ones. Politicians need to look at passing legislation now to protect our communities and ensure that family farms continue to succeed here.

It is imperative that the town board of Schroeppel does the right thing and rescinds the resolution passed Dec. 10, 2009.

Karen Hall
Citizens for Family Farms
Clay

Schroeppel weighs in on Bion project


By AARON CURTIS
acurtis@palltimes.com
Published:
Monday, July 19, 2010 11:04 PM EDT
Schroeppel Town Supervisor Paul Casler Jr. stressed Monday, that Schroeppel Town Council members are only seeking more information regarding the development of a potential beef finishing and ethanol production facility being developed in the town.

In December, the council passed a resolution that stated just that, the supervisor explained.

“There is no approval of the project,” Casler said. “Basically the resolution said that the town unanimously agrees, and supports working with Bion toward this project.”


According to members of Bion Environmental Technologies Inc., the 72,000-heard cattle project in Oswego County’s borders would involve a focus on cattle slaughter for beef distribution in eastern sections of the U.S. and portions of southeastern Canada. The cattle could be placed in multiple locations to suit space specifications.

During a presentation by Bion representatives last week on the SUNY Oswego campus, they described the project being placed on five separate locations that would each hold 14,400 cows placed on plots of land between 150-300 acres.



Officials of the company have also asserted that the project could result in the development of nearly 600 jobs, totaling approximately $20.3 million in annual salaries. The project would also create 2,000 construction jobs for the proposal’s development, Bion representatives said.

The resolution passed by Schroeppel states that the town council is committed to promoting job growth and economic development, and goes on to state that if the “town board finds that the town of Schroeppel would be a suitable location for the Bion project,” that the town does express its support for the development of the proposed Bion project.

The resolution later states that the project would be subject to “all necessary due diligence, including adherence to all pertinent federal, state and local laws, rules and regulations, including those related to land use control and planning and environmental protection.”

In the final paragraph, the resolution reads that it is resolved “that the town board urges other federal, state and local officials to work cooperatively towards (sic) the development of the Bion project.”

“We have seen this presented to us, and we now figure that it would take a few years for it to happen, but it is something we need to look at and get some answers about,” Casler said.

Bion representatives have stated that no particular site within county borders has been established at this point, and they are just seeking interest.

Casler noted that he does have concern regarding the project’s use of new, largely untested technology, but noted that Bion would have to first clear hurdles, including environmental impact queries by the Department of Environmental Conservation.

Casler also spoke on questions raised by individuals speaking out against the project, including Bion’s statement that they would not take out any bonds to reimburse farms affected by the potential spread of disease through cattle, affecting other farms in the county.

“If someone requires them to put a bond up in order to do this, then New York state is going to have to follow precedence,” Casler said. “No other farm in New York state has to put a bond up to operate.”

Another issue that came to light during last week’s forum put on by Bion, was the fact that the company would be selling the technology and not running the project.

Casler stated that he knew this fact.

“Bion would probably still have a little to do with (the project), including dealing with the finances,” he said. Casler added that the company would most likely want to have professionals deal with the operation of the facility.

The town supervisor added that if there were not any public support, the issue would be moot, as the town would not pursue the development of the project.

“We will listen to everybody,” Casler said. He added that if members of Bion see that those in the county are not interested, they will move on.

“That’s my opinion,” Casler said. “They are not going to want to come to a place where people don’t want them.”

During an Oswego County Environmental Management Council meeting held Monday at Mexico Point Park, council Chairman Timothy Carroll described his interpretation of Bion’s seemingly failed relationship with St. Lawrence County, supporting Casler’s view.

Carroll noted that a task force was put together in the county to pursue hard-hitting questions for Bion members.

“The thing just kind of broke down and Bion walked away,” Carroll said. He added that Bion pursued St. Lawrence County because of the port of Ogdensburg, which parallels Bion’s interest in Oswego County, with the port’s location in the city of Oswego.

“There was a lot of opposition (in St. Lawrence County), but there was nothing on an official level as far as a resolution,” Carroll said.

For more on Bion’s project as proposed for Oswego County, visit the company’s website at www.biontech.com.

Officials weigh in on Bion proposal


By AARON CURTIS
acurtis@palltimes.com
Published:
Sunday, July 18, 2010 8:41 PM EDT
While Thursday’s public meeting with Bion officials grew hostile at times, with one attendee telling representatives to “pack their bags,” that sentiment is not necessarily felt by the rest of Oswego County when it comes to the construction of a beef finishing and ethanol production facility within the area.

Oswego County Legislator Amy Tresidder, D-Oswego, said that citizens and officials within the county need to be open to the process before making snap judgments.

According to members of Bion Environmental Technologies Inc., the 72,000-head cattle endeavor within Oswego County borders would include a focus on cattle finishing, for distribution in eastern sections of the United States and portions of southeastern Canada. The cattle could be placed in multiple locations to suit space specifications.

Audience Skeptical of Proposed Bion Ethanol-From-Cattle Project


Jul 14, 2010 at 10:55 pm
Posted: 07.14.2010 at 12:41 AM
Slaughterhouse company makes presentation in Oswego
An ethanol and livestock operation that wants to move into CNY put its plan before more than 100 people Wednesday night. Bion Environmental Technologies plans to build a $150 million within Oswego County. Video     25 comments

Schroeppel residents take on ethanol and livestock operation
June 15
Video


Posted: 07.14.2010 at 12:41 AM

Residents have beef with proposed Bion project


By AARON CURTIS
acurtis@palltimes.com
Published:
Wednesday, July 14, 2010 11:01 PM EDT
Officials of Bion Environmental Technologies Inc. held a forum to discuss their beef finishing, processing and ethanol production facility proposal for Oswego County, and ran into resistance from many of the audience members who packed the SUNY Oswego Campus Center Auditorium

Audience Skeptical of Proposed Bion Ethanol-From-Cattle Project

BionBion Environmental Technologies is trying to win the support of the Oswego County community to build a beef cattle and ethanol production mega project in Schroeppel. Bion has its work cut out for itself, if the audience that heard its pitch is any indication.


Jul 14, 2010 at 10:55 pm

By Ryan Morden, contributing writer

Informational meeting set for proposed Bion plan  Carol Thompson 07-03-2010
                                                          The  Valley News
What Does Carbon Credit Mean?     Carbon Trading: The World's Next Biggest Market
Bion's New York State Integrated Biofuels & Cattle Clean Tech Opportunity
                Read comments from Concerned Citizens of CNY Click Here
         Phoenix Register  (Question raised about BION project by community)March 5 ,2010
                                                                                 
                                       Newspaper& Internet  Reports
                                        
                                            Letter To The Town Board Of Schroeppel

Proposed 'deathanol' plant in Oswego County raises some stink   

JEFF KRAMER
Post-Standard Humor Columnist on Life in Syracuse and CNY

Click Here 

Letter From New State Resident Meredith Grosshandler, In Opposition to the Proposed CAFO

http://blog.syracuse.com/opinion/2010/06/post_47.html

Great fishing doesn’t mix with factory farm

To the Editor:

On June 7, you ran an article by Debra Groom about Oswego being cited by Outdoor Life magazine for fishing and hunting opportunities, and that it is now on the magazine’s list of “America’s Top 200 Towns for Sportsmen.” The city also is in the top 20 for trout and bass fishing. This is exciting for Oswego and surrounding areas, home to many lakes and waterways that must be preserved to attract tourists.

The town of Schroeppel passed a resolution that paves the way for a 72,000-head beef cattle project to come to our area. There are many known incidents where large facilities of this sort have polluted waterways and killed large amounts of fish, in addition to polluting groundwater and wells. In Jeff Kramer’s column, “Proposed ‘Deathanol’ Plant Raises Some Stink,” he indicates that mainstream America has realized factory farms are cruel and unhealthy, and the trend is toward organic products. As a farmer, I know that well-run smaller farms work in conjunction with the environment. This is the direction we need to look to for the future of farming, not toward huge facilities that ravage the environment.

Please go to www.phoenixtalks.com to educate yourself. And let it be known that the citizens of Central New York do not want to this project. Do we want to continue to be known for our outdoor opportunities, or as the home of the largest “deathanol” plant east of the Mississippi?

Karen Hall
Clay

March 22, 2010

To the Town Board of Schroeppel:

We are Schroeppel Town residents and neighbors who have many concerns about the proposed Bion project. We understand all of the information regarding the proposal was provided by the Bion Corporation. We have questions about the dearth of local input and independent research sought by the Town Board.

Has the Board considered where they are going to place the facilities, and what impact there will be on surrounding areas? Has the Board looked into any research other than that presented by Bion, such as odor assessment of 72,000 head of cattle?

Have the issues of worker safety, MRSA, antibiotic resistance, air-borne disease and particulates been discussed with the local and New York State Departments of Health?

How much water will be used for the ethanol plant, cattle, and slaughter facilities, and has there been a watershed study on the impact of an operation of this size on our two aquifers, our three river system, and even our Great Lake? How will the potential for tourism in this area be affected?

What will be the effect of all of the trucking related to this animal factory operation on local roads, highways, and other infrastructure? What other costs will be incurred if a natural disaster causes a breach of containment facilities? What safety features, such as a dedicated fire department would have to be put in place?

What will happen to the offal from the slaughter facility?

What would happen if this company goes bankrupt, and the Town is left with the cost of removing pollutants from the sites?

This is possibly one of the largest CAFO's (Concentrated/Confmed Cattle Feeding Operations) ever attempted. What will happen to our quality of life in the Town of Schroeppel? We strongly request that the Town Board of Schroeppel reconsider their resolution of approval for the Bion project.

Sincerely,
Noreen Patterson and Susan Lynch,

This letter was signed by over 30 local residents & submitted to the town  board 

                                            Time Line of  Town of  Schroeppel & BION      
Schedule of BION News Events

Date New media out let Event
Jul 8th, 2009 | By Steve Yablonski oswegocountytoday.com
Farmers, Legislators Beef About Slaughterhouse Plan
Jul 28th, 2009 | By Steve Yablonski oswegocountytoday.com County Takes Wait & See Approach To Slaughterhouse Proposal
Sep 30th, 2009 | By Steve Yablonski
oswegocountytoday.com

Legislators Continue Discussion On Slaughterhouse Proposal

By Alex Dunbar
Thursday, October 01, 2009 at 6:15 p.m.
 CNYCENTRAL.COM Slaughterhouse proposed in Oswego County
NEW YORK, Dec. 14 /PRNewswire NEW YORK, Dec. 14 /PRNewswire

Bion Announces Community Support of Upstate NY Integrated Beef Finishing and Biofuel Project

Dec 16th, 2009 | By Dave Bullard |
oswegocountytoday.com
Bion Says Schroeppel Board OKs Cattle Processing Plant

Bion Ag Project Slated for Small Upstate Town

 Lancaster ---Farming
Deborah Jeanne Sergeant
N.Y. Correspondent
Oswego County Concerned About Impact
Bion project slated for NY town Written by Lancaster Farming January 5, 2010, Schroeppel, NY — Bion Environmental Technologies Inc. plans to move forward with a project

Oswego County Concerned About Impact

Deborah Jeanne Sergeant
N.Y. Correspondent

By Debra J. Groom / The Post-Standard

January 16, 2010, 6:00AM

What made Bion pass on St. Lawrence County site for town in Oswego County

Friday February 26, 2010

Bion Promotes Cattle/Energy Proposal for Oswego County

Company official says 600 jobs could be created
Company official says 600 jobs could be created
By Kory Johnson
 ___

It is important for all residents of Central New York to know the facts about the proposed beef cattle closed-loop process because it will affect us financially and environmentally for years to come. Contact us Today  (Click Here)

       Bion Environmental Technologies Inc. in a filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission
Letter to Channel 9 TV,   Ken Jaffe  Slope FarmsThe World Organization for Animal Health
Newspaper& Internet  Reports,

In 2007, Bion Energy Technologies, Inc. proposed a cattle-and-ethanol business plan that would have built six 14,000-steer feedlots and a 50 million gallon ethanol production facility in St. Lawrence County, NY.

Citizens' Bion Forum developed as a repository for documents and a means of communication among people trying to figure out the likely costs and benefits of Bion's proposed project. The resources listed below include both documents consulted and documents created. Citations provide links either directly to the source document or to the website where the original document came from.

     



 Letter from Oswego County EMC to Oswego County Legislature  2009  Carroll, Tim                             
 document
   
 Bion shelves feedlot, ethanol plans in St Lawrence County 2009  North Country Public Radio            
 document
   
 Position on the Proposed BION Ethanol Plant and Six Beef CAFOs  2008
Audubon Society (local chapters)                                                                                                                   
 document
   
 Bion's Responses to IATF Questions  2008  Kapell, Jeff                                                                           
 document
   
 Bion's Responses to Shane Rogers interview with North Country Public Radio  2008                          
Morris and Kapell 
                        
 document
   
 Letter from EMC to Bion Working Group, Jan 30, 2008  2008  Montan, Jon                                          
 document
   
 Letter to Governor Spitzer  2008  McClellan, Robin                                                                                       document
   
 Economic Impact Assessment Critique  2008  Katz, David                                                                         document
   
 Economic Security Tour Presentation  2008  McClellan, Robin                                                                
 document 
   
 Bion task force gets few answers  2008  North Country Public Radio                                                         document
   
BOL Statement, November 2007  2007  Katz, David                                                                                     document


Bion's Responses to Legislator Cobb's Questions, July 28, 2007  2007  Kapell, Jeff                             
document


Bion Working Group Letter to St Lawrence County EMC  2007 
Jewett, McClellan, Powers, Proemm, Heidenreich                                                                                       
document


Bion Mass Flow Chart  2007  McClellan, Robin                                                                                              document


Meeting Notes, Fact Gathering Session, July 10, 2007  2007  Gava, Louise                                             document


Bion Corporation Corn Ethanol/CAFO Project  2007  Donnelly et al                                                          
document


Truck Traffic Estimate  2007  Katz, David                                                                                                        document


Economic Impact Assessment  2007  Bridge Associates                                                                             document


Letter to the Editor  2007  McClellan, Robin                                                                                                    document


Bion Working Group Position Paper  2007  Jewett, Gava, Heidenreich, 
McClellan, Powers, Proemm                                                                                                                            
document


Probability of Nuisance Odors from the Proposed Feeding Operations of Bion Technologies
 2007  Hopke, Grimberg, & Rogers                                                                                                                 
document


The Potential Role of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations in
Infectious Disease Epidemics and Antibiotic Resistance  2007  Gilchrest et al                                        
document


Animal Feeding Operations and Residential Land Value
2006  Ann Ulmer and Ray Massey                                                                                                             
document


Detecting and Mitigating the Environmental Impact of Fecal Pathogens Originating
from Confined Animal Feeding Operations  2005  US Environmental Protection Agency               
document 


Risk Assessment Evaluation for Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations
  2004  US Environmental Protection Agency                                                                                                
document


Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations and Proximate Property Values 
2001  John A. Kilpatrick                                                                                                                                  
document



      



                                                                                                                 Newspaper& Internet  Reports
Informational meeting set for proposed Bion plan   Carol Thompson 07-03-2010

What Does Carbon Credit Mean?
A permit that allows the holder to emit one ton of carbon dioxide. Credits are awarded to countries or groups that have reduced their green house gases below their emission quota. Carbon credits can be traded in the international market at their current market price.

Investopedia explains Carbon Credit
The carbon credit system was ratified in conjunction with the Kyoto Protocol. Its goal is to stop the increase of carbon dioxide emissions. 

For example, if an environmentalist group plants enough trees to reduce emissions by one ton, the group will be awarded a credit. If a steel producer has an emissions quota of 10 tons, but is expecting to produce 11 tons, it could purchase this carbon credit from the environmental group. The carbon credit system looks to reduce emissions by having countries honor their emission quotas and offer incentives for being below them.

 

Farmers Union’s Carbon Credit Program allows ag producers and landowners to earn income by storing carbon in their soil through no-till crop production, conversion of cropland to grass, sustainable management of native rangelands and tree plantings on previously non-forested or degraded land. In addition, the capture of methane from anaerobic manure digester systems can also earn carbon credits.

Farmers Union has earned approval from the Chicago Climate Exchange to aggregate carbon offsets (carbon credits) and sell them on behalf of producers. Farmers Union enrolls producer acreage into blocks of marketable offsets that are traded on the Exchange, much like other agricultural commodities are sold. Proceeds from the sales are then forwarded to producers as each pool of carbon credits is marketed. National Farmers Union’s Carbon Credit Program earned more than $8 million for producers in its first two year of operation.

No-till crop production offsets are eligible in most central and eastern states. Seeded grass acres can be enrolled in most states and managed native rangeland offsets are offered mostly in central and western states. Maps are available on this Web site that show eligible states and counties. They are automatically programmed into the enrollment system and payment estimator. Forestry and agricultural methane projects also are available in every state.

Farmers Union offers continuous online enrollments for all offset types, although pools of enrollments are closed periodically for verification and registration of offsets.  Producers provide land descriptions or map designations for the land they enroll in the program. The entered information is then transferred directly into Farmers Union’s database. Producers then follow up by sending in FSA 578 forms that detail their cropland acres, pasture descriptions, grazing plans for range acres and current maps. Producers also remit a signed contract. It is necessary for producers to have a valid e-mail address, as well as a post office address, for communication and verification purposes.

Agricultural methane offsets are also available, but only sample contracts and applications are available online. These individual projects will require producers or landowners to send in all materials by mail. Pooling, verification and marketing of carbon offsets will follow.

In step with the dramatic rise in C02 emissions and other pollutants in recent years, a variety of new financial markets have emerged, offering businesses key incentives — aside from taxes and other punitive measures — to slow down overall emissions growth and, ideally, global warming itself.

A key feature of these markets is emissions trading, or cap-and-trade schemes, which allow companies to buy or sell “credits” that collectively bind all participating companies to an overall emissions limit. While markets operate for specific pollutants such as greenhouse gases and acid rain, by far the biggest emissions market is for carbon. In 2007, the trade market for C02 credits hit $60 billion worldwide — almost double the amount from 2006.

Greenhouse Gas – Carbon Credits

Like the CAA, the Kyoto Treaty has a provision for the earning and trading of carbon dioxide emission reduction credits – carbon credits. In anticipation of its ratification, carbon credits have been trading for several years.

In January 2005 the European Union carbon credit trading program commenced, The market for these credits has been predicted to grow to $40 to $100 billion per year. Europe is already not meeting its commitments for Greenhouse Gas reductions and, as a result, the prices of Carbon Credits has gone up (to $28 per tonne as of Oct 5, 2005). With the known reductions of methane and NOx for the Bion process, the Bion process offsets the equivalent of 9.3 tonnes of Greenhouse

Warming Gases per cow per year. At current levels, this is the equivalent of $260 of carbon credits per cow per year.

AgCert, a privately owned company, has been awarded an approved protocol for taking animal manure, placing it a lined hole in the ground, flaring the methane gas which results, and earning tradable carbon credits. Bion believes that CAFO operations utilizing its technology in Kyoto signatory countries (including Canada) will be able to qualify for such credits. Bion is in the early stages of evaluating the business opportunities this potentially creates for the Company.

Carbon credit

Update April 14 2010
This article deals with carbon credits for international trading. For carbon credits for individuals, see personal carbon trading. For voluntary schemes see also carbon offset
A Carbon credit is a generic term meaning that a value has been assigned to a reduction or offset of greenhouse gas emissions.[1] Carbon credits and markets are key components of national and international attempts to mitigate the growth in concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs). One carbon credit is equal to one ton of carbon dioxide, or in some markets, carbon dioxide equivalent gases. Carbon trading is an application of an emissions trading approach. Greenhouse gas emissions are capped and then markets are used to allocate the emissions among the group of regulated sources. The goal is to allow market mechanisms to drive industrial and commercial processes in the direction of low emissions or less carbon intensive approaches than those used when there is no cost to emitting carbon dioxide and other GHGs into the atmosphere. Since GHG mitigation projects generate credits, this approach can be used to finance carbon reduction schemes between trading partners and around the world.
There are also many companies that sell carbon credits to commercial and individual customers who are interested in lowering their carbon footprint on a voluntary basis. These carbon offsetters purchase the credits from an investment fund or a carbon development company that has aggregated the credits from individual projects. The quality of the credits is based in part on the validation process and sophistication of the fund or development company that acted as the sponsor to the carbon project. This is reflected in their price; voluntary units typically have less value than the units sold through the rigorously-validated Clean Development Mechanism[2].
___________________________________
Carbon Market Potential
According to a recent New York Times article, carbon trading is one of the "fastest-growing specialties in financial services." And companies are scrambling to get a slice of a market now worth well over 100 billion and that could grow to $1 trillion within a decade.
The article, "In London's Financial World, Carbon Trading Is the New Big Thing," goes on: "Carbon will be the world's biggest commodity market, and it could become the world's biggest market over all."
If you doubt that assertion, consider this: Every year, humans generate about 38 billion tons of carbon dioxide.
And that number will continue to grow, as developing nations demand more energy that will likely be produced by coal and other carbon heavy sources of fuel.
As more international governments start to regulate their country's emissions, and as more companies start to voluntarily limit their emissions (as we're seeing in the U.S.), the demand for available carbon credits will skyrocket. And so will their price!
One need only revert to the simple law of supply and demand to see that this industry is going to be huge. If increased demand dictates an increase in price, getting in now could be one of the wisest investment moves you make in the first half of this century
_______________________

Carbon Trading: The World's Next Biggest Market


For example, a company that produces electricity via a clean renewable resource may not only sell the electricity, but also the carbon credits earned from not burning fossil fuels. . . so long as the emission reductions are certified by an independent third party

Of course, this arrangement would be much easier to understand and keep track of if a cap and trade system were implemented by the federal government. In fact, just capping the amount of emissions would do wonders.
Today, only 3% of our electricity is renewably produced. A 12% increase in the next twelve years would not only send renewables through the roof, but would create a pretty sweet carbon market as well.
As the demand increases for carbon credits, many companies are coming on the scene that specialize in reducing emissions. These are companies that help reduce the overall emissions of a variety of businesses, like farms, factories, and utilities.
These companies are not only getting premium consulting fees, but a portion of the carbon credit proceeds, as well.

Bion Technical Summary Performance Report: Implications for Public Policy


Bion Dairy has recently published the results of a seven-month performance evaluation of its full-scale CAFO waste treatment installation at the 1,250-cow DeVries Dairy (DVD) in Dublin Texas..
2,000-Cow CAFO: Revitalizing Rural New York, or Ousting Small Farms? January 21st, 2010  By Ulla Kjarval----Posted April 8
Friday February 26, 2010    posted march 24 2010
Bion Promotes Cattle/Energy Proposal for Oswego County
Company official says 600 jobs could be created
By Kory Johnson  click here
Future of Oswego County large beef processing-ethanol plant rests with Pennsylvania test project
By Debra J. Groom / The Post-Standard  posted march 24 2010
February 26, 2010, 9:54AM   click here
Proposed cattle finishing, ethanol facility gains momentum
By AARON CURTIS Staff Writer  PallTime
Published: Thursday, October 1, 2009 12:17 PM EDT
  Click Here  Posted March 20

Critics of the Bion Environmental Services Project Weigh In      Great Reading

Op Ed: Bion Facility is Risky Venture for the North Country    Click Here

Rise of the Superbugs: Why We Are Increasingly at Risk From Antibiotic-Resistant Diseases  Click Here

Biodigester project closer to completion  By Sarah Gantz    Monday, March 8, 2010 11:38 PM EST
 
The Citizen
A must read   Click Here
Beef Education,  Brookover Feed Yard-  March 7--Please Read Click Here
 Beef cattle production represents the largest single segment of American agriculture. The U.S. beef industry is made up of more than one million businesses, farms and ranches. Beef production is a family affair. In fact, 97 percent of beef cattle operations in the U.S. are family owned.

Farmers, Legislators Beef About Slaughterhouse Plan  (oswegocountytoday.com)
Written by: Steve Yablonski
Jul 08, 2009 at 5:22 am
OSWEGO, NY – Where’s the beef? Probably not in Oswego County
  Click here
WASTING OF RURAL NYS: FACTORY FARMS AND PUBLIC HEALTH?     New Post  Feb 27 am
Also, "Don't Eat a Cow, Man!  How Animal Agriculture Adds to Global 
Warming

Click  on"conservation" and then "Agriculture
"      Click Here
'Bio-Reactor' to Treat Manure at Kreider Farms(Source: Lancaster New Era)trackingBy Ad Crable, Lancaster New Era, Pa.
Thursday, January 29, 2009 5:55 PM New Post  Feb 26    Click Here
Bion responds to Valley News Reporter’s Response  11th of July in the Valley News    New Post  Feb 26  Click Here
Bion Official Offers Update On Slaughterhouse Proposal  New Post  Feb 26
Written by: Steve Yablonski Feb 26, 2010 at 7:06 am
    Click Here,
Legislators Continue Discussion On Slaughterhouse Proposal
Written by: Steve Yablonski Sep 30, 2009 at 7:13 am
        Click Here  ---------New Post  Feb 26
                                             
Bion Says Schroeppel Board OKs Cattle Processing Plant-------New Post  Feb 26
Written by: Dave Bullard  Dec 16, 2009 at 7:40 am 
  Click Here 
Farmers, Legislators Beef About Slaughterhouse Plan-------New Post  Feb 26
Jul 8th, 2009 | By Steve Yablonski | Category: Oswego
    Click Here

Welcome to Bion's Oswego County Integrated Livestock and Ethanol Project Feb 26Click Here

Bion Ag Project Slated for Small Upstate Town,Oswego County Concerned About ImpactDeborah Jeanne SergeantN.Y. Correspondent



Bion Environmental Technologies Inc. in a filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission said that the company will require additional capital. The company said, While there are no assurances that the Company will be successful in its efforts to develop and construct its Projects and market its Systems, it is certain that the Company will require significant funding from external sources. Given the unsettled state of the current credit and capital markets, there is no assurance the Company will be able to raise the funds it needs on reasonable terms.   Click Here

09/23/2009 Bion Environmental Technologies Inc. filed its 10-K on September 23,2009 for the period ending June 30, 2009. In this report its auditor, GHP Horwath, P.C, gave an unqualified opinion expressing doubt that the company can continue as a going concern.   Click here
Bion Environmental Technologies Inc. (BNET) financial news, and detailed stock charts

Back to Top
Bion Announces $7.8 Million Financing for Project (OTC Bulletin Board: BNET)NEW YORK
, Jan. 28 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/  Click Here
Kreider Farms website  Click Here
 Newspaper Reports   What made Bion pass on St. Lawrence County site for town in Oswego ...Jan 16, 2010 
 Click Here
 Beef slaughterhouse proposed by Bion Environmental Technologies ...Jun 30, 2009
 Click Here
 Officials in Schroeppel support building of meat-processing ...Dec 28, 2009 
 Click Here
 Feeding cows the right stuff keeps Central New York drinking water clean January 07, 2010, 8:25PM
 Click Here
 Officials in Schroeppel support building of meat-processing facility that could create 300 jobs December 28, 2009
 Click Here
 Beef slaughterhouse proposed for Oswego County By Maria Welych June 29, 2009
 Click Here
    Back to Top
 Ethanol manufacturing, meat processing plant officials meet with Schroeppel town leaders
By Debra J. Groom / The Post-Standard
September 25, 2009     Back to Top
 Click Here
 Published on June 19, 2008, Page A9, Watertown Daily Times
BION PROPOSAL ROBS SOIL OF FERTILITY
The proposed beef and ethanol project by Bion Environmental Technologies is unsustainable. Large-scale agricultural projects produce food at great cost to society and the environment, especially in the locality where they are placed. Only such an immense operation would create toxic waste out of what would normally be an important soil-building amendment: manure. What we need are more small, local farmers producing healthy food and recycling wastes back into the soil, which increases local     Back to Top
 
Published on June 25, 2008, Page B1, Watertown Daily Times
COUNTY RECESSING TASK FORCE ON BION
St. Lawrence County government is backing out of the little involvement it's had with Bion Environmental Technologies. The county is recessing the task force created in December to chart the massive beef-and-biofuel proposal and recommend whether it should grant the formal support the company is seeking. Lawmakers didn't budge from the tentative support they gave in December, leaving the company to return to the financial and logistical steps of its proposal.     
  Back to Top
Published on June 19, 2008, Page B2, Watertown Daily Times
TALKS POSTPONED ON $180M ETHANOL PLANT
The Ogdensburg Bridge and Port Authority has postponed talks with Bion Environmental Technologies until a St. Lawrence County committee looking over the project makes a recommendation. The New York City company is proposing to develop a $180 million operation that will create ethanol from the manure of 84,000 cows spread across six farms. Bion is looking to use the Port of Ogdensburg to ship corn from the Midwest via rail or ship for its project. The Integrated Agriculture Task Force   Back to Top
Published on June 11, 2008, Page B2, Watertown Daily Times
PANEL TAKING COMMENTS ON BION TECHNOLOGIES PLAN
The St. Lawrence County committee formed to analyze Bion Environmental Technologies' beef-and-ethanol proposal is soliciting public comment until Friday. The Integrated Agriculture Task Force was formed in December to review the proposal's environmental, economic and community impacts and report back to county legislators. The task force is composed of professors, farmers, economic developers and lawmakers. Comments can by e-mailed to task force Chairman Jon R.      Back to Top

12:14 pm
Ken Jaffe

Slope Farms

Meredith, NY 
   
      Hi Ulla,
Well done article. I also like the comments.
I’m a beef producer in NY State. Personally, the more I think about Bion’s plan the less I like it.
Mostly I see bad things from

1.    the inevitable large taxpayer subsidies for this CAFO

2. damage to local producers by an attempt to create faux “local
sustainable beef” that competes on price with producers of true local
sustainable beef.

3. damage to an already fragile and shrinking network of small
slaughterhouses, without which existing beef producers will have even
more difficulty accessing processing services.

4.    the very dubious energy ‘sustainability’

5.    the working conditions for people in this type of plant

6.    animal welfare issues inevitable in a huge CAFO

7.    the air and water pollution issues (how close to Lake Ontario?)

8. human health issues from beef which is less healthy in terms of fat,
and more likely to carry high risk pathogens, antibiotics, and hormones
Will this CAFO help create a cow-calf infrastructure that can
actually help provide calves for sustainable production? Even if it
did, I don’t think this potential cow calf infrastructure could
outweigh all the very serious negatives.
Ken Jaffe



  Slope Farms

Meredith, NY                                                         Back to Top   

   http://slopefarms.com/


-------------- Letter to Channel 9 TV


On December 10, the Town Board of Schroeppel voted to approve a resolution that supports a 72,000 head integrated and closed-loop beef cattle project that will
be the largest individual cattle livestock facility east of the Mississippi River. The company, Bion, claims they decided to locate the project in Oswego County partly based on strong support of the Schroeppel community. Citizens of
Schroeppel (and surrounding areas) do not feel they were included in the process
and we have grave concerns about the proposed project. I am a resident of Clay
and in the Phoenix School District. I have sent the attached letter to the Town of Clay Town Board in the hopes of working with them to do the right thing for everyone involved.

I know your channel does an excellent job of investigative reporting and we
would appreciate any help that we can get.

We have created a website, www.phoenixtalks.com to, allow everyone access to information necessary to make the best decision for all involved and to allow
our voices to be heard.

Thank you in advance for your cooperation,
--
Karen Hall

____________________


February 24, 2010

 

 

Town of Clay Town  Board

4401 Route 31
Clay, New York 13041

Fax: 622-7259

 

Dear Town Board:

 

 

I am writing to you about the proposed Bion project in the Town of Schroeppel.  A group of concerned citizens has formed because we have several questions about the project and the impact it will have on Schroeppel and the surrounding areas.  As a resident of Clay, I implore you to research the project for yourselves and see how detrimental it will be for our area and residents.  We are seeking to work cooperatively with the Town Board of Schroeppel to ensure citizens’ concerns are properly addressed and we are asking you for any assistance you can provide in ensuring the right thing is done for the future of Clay.

 

This project was rejected in St. Lawrence County and by the Oswego County Environmental Management Council as well.  We have a website you can visit to obtain more information so you can make your own determinations.  It is www.phoenixtalks.com.    

 

Thank you in advance for your cooperation.  We look forward to working with you. 

 

Sincerely,

 

 

 

 

Karen A. Hall

 

Cc:         
Damian M. Ulatowski.; Town Supervisor
Robert L. Edick; Deputy Town Supervisor
Naomi Bray; Councilwoman
William C. Weaver; Councilman
Clarence A. Rycraft; Councilman

                Joseph A. Bick; Councilman

                Bruce Johnson; Councilman

                Mark Territo; Commissioner of Planning and Development                                            Back to Top




The Council for Agriculture Science and Technology brought together experts from The World Health Organization, The World Organization for Animal Health, and USDA. Their report argued that an impact of factory farming is "the rapid selection and amplification of pathogens that arise from a virulent ancestor (frequently by subtle mutation)[increases] risk for disease entrance and/or dissemination...the 'cost of increased effiency' ...is increased global risk for diseases." from Eating Animals, by A.S. Foer, page 142
Sue Lynch
35 Volney Street    Back to Top
                                      
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